Surfacing machine



Aprifl 19511 D. P. BERNHEIM ET AL. 29 9 SURFACING MACHINE Filed Dec. 19,1947 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS DANIEL P. @ERNHHM WLUAM A. GUNNlNG ATTORNEY April' 10, 1951 D. P. BERNHEIM ET AL 2,548,418

SURFACING MACHINE Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 JNVENTORS noDAN\E.L. P. BERNHE\M 131% 4- W\L LIAN\ A. suNmNe ATTORNEY p 1951 D. P.BERNHEIM ET AL. 2,

' SURFACING MACHINE Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Shegs-Sheet 3 m tiSe mINVENTORS DANlEL. P. EERNHE\M 64- WILLJAM A. sumqme ATTORNEY BY 'z 5April 10, 19511 D. P. BERNHEIM ETAL v SURFACING MACHINE Filed Dec. 19,1947 5 Sheets-Sheet '4 I57 2 v F" INVENTORS DANQ; P. BERNH& \M WILLIAMA. GUNNlNG I ATTOIZN EV April 10, 1951 D. P. BERNHEIM ET AL 2,543,418

SURFACING MACHINE d is ZOI

M 8 INVENTORS Z'Z $v DAN\E.\ P. I5ERNHEIM W|LL|AM A- GUNN\NG ATTORNE.

Patented Apr. 10, 1951 SURFACING MACHINE Daniel P. Bernheim and WilliamA. Gunning,

Southbridge, Mass., assignors to American ptical Company, Southbridge,Mass., a voluntary association of Massachusetts Application December 19,1947, Serial No. 792,668

17 Claims.

This invention relates to surfacing machines and has particularreference to an improved apparatus for producing lenses and similararticles having surfaces of single or compound curvatures and to animproved process for producing said lenses and similar articles.

One of the principal objects of the invention is to provide improvedmeans for surfacing articles such as lenses to various surfaceformations including single and compound curvatures, and an improvedprocess of abrading whereby the resultant surfaces will have arelatively smooth and fine texture.

Another object is to provide a surfacing machine of the above characterembodying means for feeding a cup-type abrading tool transversely of anarticle to be abraded-such as a lens, to abrade a surface on saidarticle of a single or compound curvature, said surface curvature orcurvatures depending upon the angle at which said abrading tool isdisposed relative to the article and the radius of curvature about whichtheabrading tool is moved transversely of the article.

Another object of the invention is to provide a surfacing machine of theabove character having means for controlling the rate of transversemovement of the abrading tool relative to the article to be abradedwhereby the tool will be fed transversely of said article at a speedsubstantially equal to the rate of removal of portions of the surface ofsaid article by the abrading surface of said tool.

Another object is to provide asurfacing ma- 'chine of the abovecharacter which will gen-' erate surface shapes of negative forms ofvarious different single or compound curvatures.

Another object is to provide a surfacing machine of the above characterwith a cup or ringtype abrading tool so supported that it may bedisposed at various different angles relative to the article to beabraded with substantially no change of the positional relation of thetool with respect to the article.

Another object is to provide a surfacing machine of the above characterhaving its abrading tool and article to be abraded confined within ahousing, in combination with improved means for directing a lubricant tothe engaging surfaces of said tool and article, with thehousingconfining the lubricant and material removed from the article withinsaid housing and pre-' venting said material and lubricant from gainingaccess to other working parts of the machine.

Another object is to provide an. improved vacuum system to draw the mistformed by contact of the lubricant with the engaging surfaces of thetool and article from the housing to prevent the mist from gainingaccess to other parts of the machine or to the area outside the machine.

Another object is to provide a floating feed arrangement for moving theabrading tool transversely of the article to be abraded.

Another object is to provide a feed arrangement for moving the abradingtool transversely of the article to be abraded which embodies means forcausing the tool to be floatingly moved in said transverse direction incombination with variable cushioning means acting in opposition to saidfirst named means.

Another object is to provide a feed arrangement for moving the abradingtool transversely of the article to be abraded, which feed arrangementembodies a weight suspended upon a cord connected with the tool supportfor imparting said transverse movement, in combination with adjustablepneumatic means also connected with said tool support in such a manneras to resist the gravital pull of the weight and which also functions asshock absorbingv or cushioning means.

Another object is to provide a machine of the above character with meansfor adjusting the abrading tool relative to the article to be abradedand the article relative to the tool, with said adjustment meansembodying an arrangem nt, whereby the major adjustments may be quicklyand easily performed, and more accurate. and finer adjustments may besubsequently performed. 1

A further object is to provide a rotating lap together with means foradjusting the lap both radially and angularly with respect to a pivotpost and a diameter running through said pivot post respectively.

A still further object is to provide means for supporting the articlewhich may be adjusted radially of the pivot post whereby said articlemay be brought into contact with the rotating lap and the amount ofmaterial to be removedfrom said article may be controlled.

A still further object is to provide yielding means for swinging saidlap or tool on said pivot post and to provide means for controlling therate of said swinging movement.

A further object is to support the tool in operative relation with thework whereby the tool is free to permit manual manipulation in adirection transversely of the work.

Another object is to provide separate work supporting means which may beinitially adjusted so as to assume an accurate positional relation andalignment with the curve generating mechanism of the tool when supportedin operative position relative to said tool.

Another object is to provide manually operable means by which the depthof out or amount of material removed during the transverse move ment ofthe tool relative to the work may be posi tively controlled.

Another object is to provide adjustable means for locating the efiectiveabrading position of the tool in accurate position with respect to thecurve generating mechanism of the tool whereby-any shift of position dueto change in diameter of the tool may be compensated for; therebypermitting tools of various different diameters to be used and alsoaffording means for obtaining the optimum degree of accuracy of curvegeneration.

Still'anotherobjectis toprovide means for the preliminarypositioning orgauging of an article to be abraded'prior to locating saidarticle in.abrading position in the machine, said means being adapted to positionan article while a previously positioned article is being abraded.

Another-object is the'provision of a surfacing machine utilizing amagnetic chuckfor effi= ciently retainingan' article to be abraded whilethe abrading operation is being performed.

Further objects are to provide in a manner as hereinafter set forth asurfacing machine which is'coinparatively simple in its construction,din able,- thoroughly efiicient in its use, and readily" Set up andadjusted for abrading articles having various surface characteristics.-

Other objects and advantages of the invention Will become apparent fromthe following description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a surfacing machine embodying thepresent invention;

Fig. 2 is afragmentary-perspective view of the movable head illustratingparticularly the mechanism for-imparting a'transverse rotatingmovement'thereof during operation of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary viewpartly in section. taken vertically throughthe head and associated mechanism-and including a portion of t-hemachine bed;

Fig. 4-is' a fragmentary sectional'viewoi the feedcontrol'parts withinthe forward portion of the bed;

Figs-5&5 afragmentaiy'sectional view taken ou on line HH of Fig. 3;

Fig. 12 is a perspective View of-the gauge used for aligning anabradingtool in the machine; and Fig. 13 is a fragmentaryside View illustratingthe tool aligning operation;

Prior to the present'invention it has been the usual practice to reducelens blanks or articles of a similar nature to substantially thefinished thickness desired just prior to performing the final polishingor other finishing operations of the surface thereon by hand abradingoperations or by slow inefficient mechanical methods. Hand abradingmethods were not only slow but also undesirable from a standpoint ofcost and such operations depended greatly upon the accuracy and skill ofthe operator. Prior mechanical abrading methods, while a considerableimprovement over handmethods, have been slow due in great part to thetime required between abrading operations to position an article to beabraded and the abrading tool with respect to one another whereby thearticle will be abraded to have the surface characteristics desired. Onemethod for mechanically' grinding and polishing the surfaces of opticallenses and like articles employs what is known as the lap system. Thisis in effect a curve transference; the lap transferring to the articlethat is being ground, a curvature controgeneric to that of the lap. The:grinding of these articles byv laps, particularly the rough grindingbefore the smoothing and polishing-operations take place, is slow due tothe factof the restricted number of articles in some instances that canbe worked on at one time by a single lap. This lap system also requiresan exceedingly large: number of tools, it being necessary in'fact' toprovide a separate tool to each curvature which is tobaplaced on thearticle thus requiring a very large investment in toolsforthe-manufacture of articles such as optical lenses.

Prior mechanical methods employing the gen erative system, that is, thesystem whereby. the curve that is formed on the article to be abraded isnot transferred as by a lap but is generated as the grinding proceeds,also have sometimes proved to be ineflicient because of the somewhatcompli'cated nature of the devices used toadjusthave the desired surfacecharacteristics.

The present invention eliminates the above undesirable features throughthe provision of asingle cup-type abrading tool and associatedmechanismwhereby surfaces of single orcompound curvatures may be quicklyand easily generated by said tool by improved mechanical means, and theprocess may be speeded by the provision of means for gaugingan article.to be abraded while asimilar previously gauged:artlcle is intheprocessof being abraded, together with simple. and"efiicient'adjusting means forming a part of the machine wherebythearticle andthe abrading tool may be mechanically positioned withrelation to one another without depending upon the skill and accuracy ofthe operator. .With

the present invention a single tool is employed. to

' parts throughout the several views the invention comprises a machinefor generating or surfacing articles with minus curvatures and comprisesa hollow machine base I5 supporting a bed 16 provided on its uppersurface with spaced tracks or guideways I! on which is slidably locatedthe machine head mechanism [8, the head mechanism I8 being provided witha supporting plate I9 having spaced tracks 26 on its under side adaptedto interfit with the tracks l1, the engaging surfaces of the tracks I1and 26 being machined so that the head [8 may be moved on the tracks I1with ease and accuracy. The means for slidably moving the head on thetracks l1 includes a manually operable handle member 2| rotatablymounted by its shaft 22 in a bracket 23 (Fig. 3) formed on the inside ofthe end wall of the bed I6, the shaft 22 carrying a gear wheel 24adapted to mesh with the gear wheel 25 positioned on the end of atransversely disposed threaded shaft 26. A gear box 21 is suitablypositioned on the end of the bed 16 to cover the gear Wheels 24 and 25.The threaded shaft 26 has a bearing in the bracket 23 near the endcarrying the gear 25 and is adapted to threadably engage a protrudingportion 28 of a tubular depending member 29 formed integral with theunder side of the supporting plate member [9 (Fig. Thus by manualrotation of the handle 2I the entire head mechanism l3 can be movedlongitudinally of the bed I6 on the tracks I1. A scale 36 graduated inmillimeters is fixedly secured to the edge of the front track I1 on thebed l6 and has its reading edge aligned with an index mark on thereading edge of a scale 3! graduated in diopters which scale in turn hasits reading edge aligned with an index mark on the millimeter scale, thedioptic scale being secured to the outer edge of the forward track 28 onthe supporting plate l9. By this means the extent of the slidingmovement of the head mechanism I8 on the bed I6 may be determined.

The entire head mechanism with the exception of the plate l9 mayberotated about a given axis on a pivot post 32 which has its upper endpositioned in a vertical opening in the base plate 33 and held fromrotation therein by a key member 34. The post 32 is headed at its upperend and has mounted thereover in its lower regions the inner race 35 ofa roller bearing unit 36, the post 32 being rotatable within a verticalopening 38 in the tubular depending member 29 formed on the supportingplate I9. The roller bearing unit 35 has its outer race 31 located'onthe inner wall 01' an enlarged opening 39 in the tubular member 29 andconcentric with the opening 38, and thereby provides means whereby thebase plate 33 and the head mechanism mounted thereon may more easily andunrestrainedly rotate. A washer-like retaining member 49 is secured bymeans such as screws 4| over the end of the depending member 29 and withthe head of the post 32 serves to prevent vertical displacement of thepost.

The base plate 33 is formed with downwardly extending spaced inner andouter flanges 42 and 43 respectively, the inner flanges 42 being adaptedto engage the inner race 44 of a roller bearing unit 45, the outer race46 of the bearing unit 45 being adapted to snugly reside within anupwardly extending flange 41 formed on the supporting plate l9. Thisroller bearing unit 45 serves to minimize friction between the baseplate 33 and supporting plate l9 when the base plate 33 is rotated.

The base plate 33 and parts of the head mechanism I 8 mounted thereonmay be rotated in one direction by means of the gravital pull of aweight 48 (Fig. 8) carried by a cord 49, the

weight 48 being disposed within the machine base I5 and adapted toslidably engage an inclined motion reducing plate member 59, the platemember 59 being secured at its upper and lower ends to portions of thebase [5. The cord 49 is connected at one end to the weight 48 andextends upwardly through an opening 5| in the top of the base'I5, andpasses over a pulley 52 rotatably mounted by stud 53 on a bracket 54depending from an overlapping housing member 54a fixedly located on thebed I6. The cord 49 is adapted to reside within a circumferential grooveprovided in the outer surface of flange 43 of the base plate 33 and hasits other end fixedly secured by suitable means to the base plate 33. 7

Thus the cord 49 will respond to the gravital pull of the weight 43 andthe head mechanism I8 is free to swing about the center of the pivotpost 32. A suitably disposed handle member 55 may be used to manuallyreturn the head mechanism to such a position that upon release of thehandle 55 the weight 48 will cause the head mechanism to again berotated. This handle also aifords means whereby the head may be manuallyswung on the pivot post with the pulley'suspension of the weightpermitting free manual manipulation. This permits the tool to bemanually fed transversely of the work.

The gravital pull of the weight 48 is resisted by means of a'suitablemotion dampening device such as the dashpot 56. This dashpot 55 is of aconventional design employing a piston adapted to oscillate within afluid filled chamber, the oscillating thereof being controlled bysuitable means such as the valve control 51, the plunger rod 58 of thedashpot device 56 having its outer end connected to a toothed rack 59,the rack 59 being adapted to mesh with a gear 60 suitably secured as bypin 6I-to the lower end of the pivot post 32. A ring member 62 isadjustably secured by studs 63 to the outer surface of the lower end ofthe depending member 29 formed on supporting plate I9 and serves tocarry a downwardly extending roller carrying stud 64, the stud 64 beingsecured to the ring member 62 by means such as pin 65 and having mountedthereover a roller 68, the roller 66being adapted to engage the rearsurfaceof the rack 59 to maintain the rack in mesh engagement with thegear 69. By proper adjustment of the valve control 51 the resistance ofthe dashpot device 56 may be regulated and the rate of swing of the baseplate 33 and'the entire assembly mounted thereon may be yieldablycontrolled. This provides a motion dampening arrangement which; not onlyfunctions in opposition to the gravital pull of the weight 48 but alsoacts as a shock absorbing means. It is to be understod that thecontrolling of the rate of swing of-the base plate 33 can be controlledby the dashpot device 56 to retard the rate of swingfrom' a fast swingcaused by the weight 48 being unrestrainedly permitted to cause rotationof the base plate 33 to a rate of swing so small that the eye cannotobserve the rotation of the base plate. It is also to be understood thatthe dashpot 56 is rigidly mounted in a bracket '61 secured to the undersurface of the supporting plate l9 by bolts 68 and thus is adapted tomove with the plate l9 longitudinally of the bed I6. The bed l6 has anopening 69 in its end wall through which the dashpot 56 may pass, asshown in Fig. 4, and a cover 19 is hinged as by the hinge pin 1! to thebed IE to conceal and protest the device.

The base plate 33 may be prevented from rotating by means of a frictionlock 12 comprising a cam member 13 (Fig. 2) rotatably mounted by meansof stud 14 On the supporting plate l9 adjacent the base plate 33 andadapted to be manually rotated by a handle 15 attached thereto to a?frictionally engage the: outer surface of the-base plate 33 to render itimmobile.

Tliehead -mechanismmounted on the base plate 33 may be movedlongitudinally with re spect to the plate-33 by means of an operatingshaft 16 which is adapted to extend through an opening in one end of ahollow table i! formed integralwiththe-upper surface of the base plate33. The shaft '16 is provided with a threaded portion 18. which isadapted to be entirely positioned within'the table 1'! and an endportion I9 of smaller. diameter than the threaded portionl8, theshaftbeing rotatably mounted. in a bushing 8i located'in the-opening in theend of thetablell; the rotation thereof being manually controlled by ahandle 8|; The bushing 88 is formedwith a flanged portion 82 adapted toengage the inner surface of the end Wall of'the table 11 anda stop plate83- is secured to the shaftportion is by a pin 84, the flange 82 andstop plate 83' cooperating to prevent longitudinal displacement of theshaft 75.

The head mechanism mountedon the table l? includes a slidable basemember 35 having tracks 86 formed longitudinally'on its lower surface,the tracks 85 being adapted'to slidingly engage tracks 81 formed on theupper surface of the table H. An operating member 85 is secured to theunder side of the base member 85, being provided with an upwardlyprojecting portion 89 which is positioned within a vertical opening inthe base member 35 and held immovably in place by a retaining plate iii)and screw 9|. The member 88 has a longitudinally threadedopening forreception of the threaded portion'l' of the operating shaft it. Thus, byoperation of handle 8| rotation of shaft '56 will cause the'base member85 and the parts of the head mechanism-mounted thereon to slidelongitudinally of the table T! on the tracks 86 and Y87, the engagingsurfaces of the tracks 86 and 8? being machined similar to tracks I1 and26 to provide ease and accuracy of movement of the sliding member. Adiopter scale 92 is secured to the edge of the forward track 86 and amillimeter scale 93 is secured to the edge of the table 11 and areadapted to be read similar to the scales-3| and 3B. The scales 92 and'53are similar to the scales 3! and 3G'respectively except that the scales92. and 33 are graduated reversely to the graduations on scales 3| and30.

A quadrant-shaped plate 9d is movably mounted on the upper surface ofthe base menu-- bar 85. andis adapted to pivot about an axis formed by apivot stud 9,5.- The pivot stud 951s insertedin a vertical opening inthe quadrantshaped plate 95, the opening in plate Q 2 having anenlargedlowerportion for reception of a loci: nut- 96, the lock nut 86 beingthreadedly mounted over theend of the pivot stud 95 and havingbifurcated portions 97 securedly connected by screw 98 in such a mannerthat when SCI'GWBB' is tightened the bifurcated portions 87 will tend toabut and thus will lock the lock nut 96.0n the end of stud 55. Thequadrant-shaped plate 94 is provided near one end with a verticalopening in which is located a bushing tithe pivot stud 95 being disposedwithin the bushing 99. A vertical opening is provided in the-pivotstud.95 for, insertion of an alignment member as will, be hereinafterdescribed, the alignment member to be used in setting up the machine.Since-it is important that the opening Hill as wellas the stud 95should-be protected from possible damage a cap member lfll is threadedlyinbase member 85.

sorted-in an enlarged upper portion of the ver.'

sponding tc'a smilar adjacent surface portion H13 formed'on the underside of the quadrant-shaped. plate 9%. This provides'constantly'accurateposi=- tioning of the-plate-Sd on the base member 85,

the base member 85' also being providedlwithra graduated scale lfi i'sothat the amount'of' rotary.

movement of the-quadranvshaped plate-Mewith respect to the base member35 may be indicated- The base member 85 has-a flangedportionlili formedon its outer end and-the plate gdiis pro-- vided with a. pair of spacedbifurcations I06 (Figs. 3 and 11). A movable block Hll'ispesi tionedbetween the bifurcations Hit and isadapted to reside on the uppersurface of the the under surface of the flanged portion 185 of:

base member 85; A-clamp i Hiisprovided with a vertical shaft l l Iadapted'to extend downwardly through concentric openings inthe-coverplate 188, block it? and flanged portion H35. and-isthreadediy insertedin the clip 189.. Phe shaft 5 ii is provided with a peripheral flangeland.

a handle 5 I 3 whereby upon manualmanipulation of the handle N3 theshaft Hican be made to turn to tighten the. clip. iflflaga-inst theundersurfaceof the flanged portion lcdof the base.

sired as indicated by the scale 9 2. The clamp.

H 3 may thenbe againmanipulated to lock the block iii? immovable againsttheupper surface of the base member '85.

To obtain the finer adjustment there is provided an operating shaft Hthorizontally disposed and adapted to extend. through both bifurcationsiflti of the quadrant-shaped plate'ildj'ithe shaft being maintained inposition by retaining washers H5 secured to the shaft iidj adjacent theouter surfaces of the bifurcations me as by pins H6. A worm gear. Ill isfixedly locatedon the shaft IM between the bifurcations E68" and isadapted to mesh withthreads formed on the outer surface of the block ml,and a knurled knob l l 8 is located on the end ofthe shaft l M formanual operation of-the device. Thus, since the block It? is immovablypositioned on thebase member 35, when the knob i l 8 is turned torotate. the worm gear H? the action of'. the gear. HT against the blockNil will causethe bifurcations Hid-and consequently the quadrant-shapedplate 94 a well as the portions of the head mechanism mounted thereon tomove slightly about the axis formed by the pivot stud 95, therebyproviding the final adjustment of the position of the quadrant-shapedplate 94 with respect to the base member 85.

The upper surface of the quadrant-shaped plate carries an integralhorizontal set of tracks or guideways H9 which are adapted to slidablysupportengaging tracks I28 formed on the under side of a motor support I2| A rotat- A cover plate lfiB coversrthe, upper surface of thebifurcations JGSandblock it? and a clip N39 is adapted to resideagainstdepending portion I23 on the front of the motor support I2I, theshaft extending between the tracks H9 and carrying on its forward end aknurled operating knob I24 and having its rear end rotatably disposed inan upwardly extending portion I25 of the plate 94. Thus, by rotation ofthe knob I24 and shaft I22 the motor support I2I can be made to slide ontracks I IS in a manner similar to the movement of the supporting plateI9 on the bed tracks I1. The amount of the movement of the motor supportI2I on tracks H9 is indicated by adjoining scales I26 and I21 located onthe outer surface of one of the tracks I20 and adjacent surface of theplate 94 respectively.

The motor support I2I is formed with a hollow portion I28 in which isadapted to project a downward extension I29 formed integral with theunder side of a motor base I30. The motor base I30 is provided with alongitudinal machined portion I3I which is adapted to slidably reside ina groove machined in the upper surface of the motor support I2I. Anadjusting screw I32 is rotatably mounted through a portion of the motorsupport I2I and has a portion thereof threaded I into an opening in theextension I29, the screw I32 having a slotted head at its outer end andbeing provided adjacent the inner surface of the wall of the support I2Iwith a retaining washer I33 connected thereto by a pin I34 to preventlateral displacement thereof. Thus, by rotation of the screw I32 by ascrew-driver or similar means the motor base I30 and mechanism mountedthereon can be made to slide in the groove in the motor support I2 I.Threaded bores are provided in the motor support I2! for reception oflocking bolts I35, the bolts I35 being adapted to extend downwardlythrough slotted openings I36 in the motor base I30 and into the bores sothat when the motor base I30 has been positioned as desired by theadjusting screw I32 the bolts I35 may be tightened to maintain the baseI30 in its set position on the support I2I.

Fixedly located on the motor base I30 is a motor I31 which is suitablyconnected to a source of current (not shown) and controlled by a switchdevice I38 disposed on the machine housing in any suitable locationeasily accessible to the machine operator such as shown in Fig. 1. Themotor I31 drives a shaftI39 to which a cupped or ring-type abrading toolI40 is secured. The tool I40 is preferably of a diamond impregnated orcharged type and has its abrading portion I4I formed with a curvedcross-sectional shape.

The housing 54a on the bed I6 has fixedly secured thereto by bolts I42 ahead I43 which is adapted to carry the work to be abraded. The head I43is provided with a pair of spaced upwardly extending supporting arms I44between whichis carried a chuck I45, the chuck I45 being of any suitableconventional type but preferably of a magnetic type. The chuck I45 hassupporting members I41 secured to each side thereof by bolts I46, themembers I41 being provided with flanges I48, the flanges I48 beingadapted to extend over the top surfaces of the arms I44 and to besecured thereto by means of bolts I49. To assist in supporting the chuckI45 a supporting plate I50 is provided between the lower surface of thechuck I45 and the top of the head I43, the plate I50 being secured tothe head I43 by bolts il. The chuck I45 has formed in the top surfacethereof a longitudinal V-groove I52 having its opposed surfacesprecision machined so that a work-carrying spindle I53 when disposed inthe groove will extend in a true horizontal direction and when removedfrom the groove the same spindle, or another similar spindle, may bereplaced in the groove without "requiring" any realigning operations .tolocate the spindle in its original position. The chuck I45 illustratedin the drawings is of the permanent magnetic type and is provided withan operating lever I54 so that when the lever I54 is turned to the "onposition the magnetic field of the chuck will attract the spindle I53 insuch a manner that the spindle will be fixedly retained in the V-grooveI52 until such a time as the lever I54 is turned to the off position tochange the field of the chuck I45 and thereby permitting the spindle tobe removed. A suitable cover plate I55 may be secured as by screws I56over the ends of the chuck I45 and supporting plate I50 for appearance.

An adjustment device I51 (Fig. 6) similar to a micrometer is located inthe upper end of a bracket I58 secured to the edge of the head I43adjacent the chuck I45 by bolts I59. The bracket I58 is provided with anenlarged supporting portion I60 having a horizontal bore in which isadjustably located a bushing I6 I, the bushing being threaded on itsinternal surface and adapted to receive the threaded portion I62 of anoperating member I63. The bushing is held in adjusted position by a setscrew I6Ia and provides adjustment to compensate for wear and to enablea zero setting to be made. The outer end of the operating member I63 isof smaller diameter than the threaded portion I62 and has a knurledoperating knob I64 secured thereto by a pin I65, the knob being spacedfrom the end of the bracket I58 and bushing I6I and having a peripheralflange portion I66 adapted to eXtened over the end of the supportingportion I60 of the bracket I58, the flange portion I66 having micrometermarkings I61 therearound (Fig. 1) cooperating with markings I66 on thesupporting portion I60. The other end of the operating member I63 isalso of smaller diameter than the threaded portion I62 and carries inits extreme end ahardened contact member I69, the member I69 beingimmovably positioned in the end of the member I63 (Fig. 6).

A jig I88 is used in setting up the work holding device, the jig beingdisposed in some easily accessible location such as by attaching it tothe front of the machine bed I6 as shown in Fig. l. The jig I88 isshaped to support the spindle I53 and includes spaced supporting armsI89 having V-grooves therein and an upwardly extending arm I90 at oneend thereof, with a corresponding arm I9I at its opposite end. The armI9I carries an adjustable pin member I92 which is threadedly connectedto the upright arm I9I and is adapted to be locked in adjusted positionby a set screw I92a. This pin member is engaged by the article to beabraded such as the lens blank I63, and the adjustment thereof is toenable a standard gauge length to be set up and to provide means tocompensate for wear of the parts.

The spindle I53 is comprised of a tubular body I10 having a plug I1Ifixedly secured in the forward end thereof by means such as pin I12(Fig. 6). The plug IN is formed with a tapered shank portion I13 and hasa threaded portion I14 about midway thereof and adjacent the end of thebody I10, the threaded portion carrying a knurled nut I15. A bushing I16is provided in the end of the body I10, being held therein by a eases isadapted to be engaged by one end of a coil sp ng I8I which is insertedin the tubular body I19 between the piston I80 and the plug I1I.

An article such as a lens blank I83 which is to be abraded is adhesivelysecured to a block IM by meansof a layer of pitch or other suitableadhesive I85 (Figs. 9 and 10). The block I84 is secured to an adaptedI86 as by adjusting screws I81, the adapter I89 being provided with arearwardly extending portion which is adapted to be fitted snugly overthe tapered shank portion I13 of the plug I1I in the spindle I53. Theknurled nut I15 on the threaded portion I14 of plug I1I is for thepurpose of easily removing an adapter I95 from the tapered shank portionI13.

When the spindle is properly seated in the V-grooves of the jig I98 itis to be understood that the distance between the end of the contactmember I99, when the micrometer adjusting device IE! is set at zero, andthe abrading surface of the tool is known. Therefore, by adjusting theadjustable pin member I92 the distance between the pin member I92 andthe jig arm I99 can be made to exactly correspond to the distancebetween the contact member I69 and the abrading surface of the tool.After locking the pin member I92 by set screw I92a, the spindle I53carrying the lens blank I83is located in the V-grooves of the jig I88with the surface to be abraded of the blank I83 in abutment with the endof the adjusting pin member I92. With the spindle in this position thespring I8I will tend to force the piston I99 and plunger rodI19outwardly of the body I19 in a direction toward the jig arm I90 andinto abutment therewith. A set screw I82 inserted through the body I19and bushing I19 may then be manually turned by its upper portion intoengagement with the plunger rod I18 to retain the rod in its setposition.

In positioning an article to be abraded such as the lens blank I83 inabrading position in the machine, the blank is attached as described tothe spindle and the spindle gauged in the jig I88. The properly gaugedspindle with the lens blank I93 attached is then inserted in theV-grooves I52 of the demagnetized chuck I45 with the end of the plungerrod I18 in abutment against the end of the friction pin I 69 of themicrometer adjusting device I51 which device has been previously set atzero on the markings I51 and I58. With the spindle in this position theoperating lever I54 can be turned to the on" position causing the'ch'uckto attract the spindle thereto with sufficient force to prevent thespindle from becoming displaced during an abrading operation. By thismeans the lens blank will be properly and accurately supported duringthe abrading thereof. It will also be understood that since the combinedspindle and lens blank unit has been previously gauged in the jig I88 tocompensate for the thickness of the lens blank to be abraded, the lensblank when properly seated in the V-groove of the chuck I45, and withthe micrometric device set at zero, will be in alignment with the aredescribed about the pivot post 32. It is also to be understood, however,that the micrometer adjusting device will be able to cause the spindleto slide longitudinally within the V-groove I52 when the knob I54 ismanually turned. The inward movement of the operating inserted withinsmaller vertical bores 12 member I 93 upon turning of the knob I64 will,through the plunger rod I18, cause the entire spindle unit including thelens blank to be moved in the chuck and toward the abrading tool anamount as indicated by the scale markings I91 and I38, and controls theamount of material to be removed by the abrading tool during theabrading operation. By first having knowledge of the initial thicknessof the blank, this adjustment enables the final thickness of the blankto be controlled.

In setting up and operating a surfacing machine of the preferred type, atool I49 of the desired size is first attached to the rotor drive shaft3., by means of a threaded bolt I93 and washer I 99 (Fig. 2) and thetool is then aligned with respect to the axis of the pivot stud 95. Thisis done by removing the cap member IIlI from its position covering thepivot stud 95 and inserting the gauge I95 illustrated in Fig. 12. Thegauge I95 is formed with a disc-shaped body portion I95 having pinmembers depending therefrom, a main pin member I91 being centrallydisposed with respect to the undersurface of the body portion 595 andbeing of such size and shape as to reside snugly within the verticalopening III!) in the pivot stud .95. One or more supplementary aligningpins I98 also depending from the under side of the body portion I 95 areadapted to be (not shown) in the pivot'stud 95 to position the gauge insuch a manner that an upright I99 supported upon the upper surface ofthe body portion I96 will be engaged by the abrading portion of the tool39, as shown in dotted outline in Fig. '3.

By'turning the adjusting screw I32, the motor I31 and tool I 49 may bemoved longitudinally until the tool is in desired contact with the gaugeupright I99.

The same gauge I95 may be used to align the tool I49 horizontally byinserting the gauge at an angle ninety degrees from the position shownin Fig. 3, positioning the gauge in such a manner that the center of thecutting portion of the tool may be aligned with the edge of the uprightI99, as shown in Fig. 13. To horizontally align the tool with the edgeof the upright I99, the shaft I2-2 may be rotated to cause the motorsupport I2! to slide horizontally on the quadrant-shaped plate 94.

It is to be understood that the center 290 of the curved face of thetool I40 should be adjusted so as to be coaxial with the axis of thepivot stud 95 (Figs. 9 and 10). The longitudinal adjustment thereforprovides means for compensating for wear of the surface of the cuttingedge of the tool and this feature should be checked periodically sothatas the cutting edge of the tool I49 is worn down this wearing action maybe compensated for so that articles such as optical lenses will besurfaced accurately. After aligning the tool the gauge I95 may beremoved and the cap member I9I replaced.

The abrading tool I49 may be'then adjusted to the desired distance fromthe axis of the pivot post 32 to control the arc of the'curve-to begenerated in the horizontal meridian of the article to be surfaced. Thisis accomplished by first operating the handle 2| to cause the supportingplate I9 to be slidably moved on the bed I9 to an extent as indicated bythe scales 39 and -3I. For example, if a six diopter curve is to begenerated on the surface of an article such as a lens blank I83, thesupporting plate I9 will be 7 slidably moved on bed I6 to a positionwhere the scales. 30 and iii will indicate that a curve of six diopterswill be generated. Then the handle 8I may be operated to slidably movethe base member 85 and the parts of the head mechanism mounted thereonlongitudinally of the table I! on the tracks 86 and 81 to a positionwhere the scales 92 and 93 will render an indication similar to thescales 30 and 3|. This latter adjustment is a compensating adjustmentwhich initially enables the tool to be adjusted in a direction away fromthe work an amount sufficient to permit the scale settings to be made onthe scales 30 and 3|. The tool may then be moved toward the work and toits final desired position as determined by-the scales-92 and 93..

It is particularly pointed out that the curve. which is generated willbe of the concave or negative form and the radius of curvature isdependent upon the distance at which the cutting edge of the tool I40 isadjusted with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pivot post 32.This arrangement, therefore, provides for various differently controlledcurves to be formed in the horizontal meridian.

The curve generated in the vertical meridian of the lens blank or. otherarticle to be surfaced is controlled by the tilting of the tool I40relative to the position which the longitudinal axis or plane of theblank assumes when supported in operative relation with respect to thetool. This is accomplished by loosening the clamp I I0 and adjusting thequadrant-shaped plate 94 upon the base member 85 about the axis of thepivot stud 95. After adjusting the plate 94 to the approximate desiredposition as indicated by the scale I04, the clamp H0 is tightened andthe knob II8 isthen operated to obtain the finer adjustment necessary toposition the quadrant-shaped plate 94 as desired.

If the curve to be generated on the lens blank or other article I83 isto be a single spherical type curve, the tool I40 is angled so as togenerate a curve in the vertical meridian of'the blank which correspondsin radius to the curve generated by the swing of thetool in a horizontaldirection about the center of the pivot post 32. The two curves,therefore, will be of the same radius and will thereby generate a singlespherical curve. If the surface is to have a compound curvature, thenthe adjustments are made so as to introduce the different radii ofcurvatures desired in the respective vertical and horizontal meridians.

After the above-mentioned adjustments have been made, the article orblank I83 carried by the spindle I53 may be inserted in the chuck I45,the spindle having been previously adjusted in the jig I88 as describedso that the particular thickness of the lens blank I83 to be surfacedmay be accommodated. It will be understood that in inserting the spindleI53 in the chuck I45, the rod I'I8 will be placed in abutment with thecontact member I69, the micrometer adjustment having been previously setat zero. At this time current may be applied to magneti'zethe chuck I sothat the spindle I53 will be securely held in the V-groove I52 thereof.The'amount of material to be removed from the lens blank may be thencontrolled by operation of the micrometer adjusting device I51 to causethe operating member I53 and contact member I69 to urge the spindle I53toward the surfacing tool I40, the amount of material to be removedbeing determined by the micrometer markings I61 and I68. It is to beunderstood that the initial thickness of the blank has been determinedand that the final desired thickness is known.

Prior to making the fine adjustment for determining the amount of thematerial to be removed from the blank, the tool I40 is swung in asidewise direction about the axis of the pivot post 32 to a position outof engagement with the blank. It may be held in this position by meansof the cam locking device I2 pivotally connected to the supporting plateI9 and adapted to frictionally engage the edge of the base plate 33.

After adjusting the micrometer device I51 and releasing the lockingdevice I2 the tool I40 may then. befed transversely of the article orblank I83 by means of the gravital pull of the Weight 40 carried by thecord 49 which is secured to the base plate 33, the dashpot dampeningdevice 56 being adjusted to regulate the rate of swing of the plate 33and the entire assembly disposed thereon. This dashpot arrangement notonly functions in opposition to the gravital pull of the weight 40 butalso acts as a shock absorbing means to prevent vibratory movement ofthe tool I40 relative to the lens blank I83 during the abradingoperation, and the entire feed may be adjusted so as to substantiallykeep pace with the rate of removal of the cutting tool, thereby enablingthe forming of a very finely abraded surface having a relatively smoothand fine texture. This yieldable control is 'a strongffeature in thecutting of the lens blank as heretofore a positive advance of the tooloften caused breakage or chipping of the blank and also a rough finishedsurface. As the most uniform glass never cuts at exactly the same rateof speed, the yieldable control drive of the tool across the face of thearticle or lens blank is a positive feature in producing a true andrelatively smooth out.

The above arrangement also permits the tool to be manually swung in adirection transversely of the tool either for prelocating the toolrelative to the work or for making an initial cut or'the entire abradingcycle may, if desired, be manually performed.

A lubricant or coolant is fed onto the engaging portions of the tool andarticle being surfaced from a supply tank 20I disposed in the machinebase I5 by means of a pump 202, the pump 202 being of any conventionaltype adapted to force liquid from the tank 20I through a pipe line (notshown) to the conduit 203 (Fig. 2) where it will be expelled onto thetool and article. The tool and article to be surfaced, as shown in Figs.1 and 2, have a housing 204 surrounding the same to confine the fiow ofthe lubricant and material removed from the article within the housing,and for preventing the lubricant from being splashed or otherwisegaining access to other working parts of the machine. The housing 204has a base portion 205 and a top portion 205, the top portion 200 beinghinged to the base portion 205 so as to be swung vertically upon hinges201. Within the housing 204 are splash guards 208 which are secured tothe inner walls of the base portion 205 of the housing and positioned inrelatively intimate or closed relation about the said tool and articleto confine thelubricant to the desired engaging surfaces of the tool andarticle.

The lubricant will be drawn by gravity out of the base portion 205 ofthe housing 204 and expelled into the tank 20I from the conduit 209.

It may be desired to use a vacuum system to draw the mist formed bythelubricant upon engaging the rotating tool and article beingabradedfrom within the housing 204, such a vacuum system 2,6.48,41.&

being referred to in. Fig. 8 by; the numeral 210 and includes a. motor2H. which is adapted to. set up a suction to draw the mist from theinterior of; the housing 2M into the conduit 2 and to. expel it into thelubricant in the tank 20L From the foregoing description, it will beseen that simple, emcient and economical means have been provided foraccomplishing all of the objects and advantages of the invention. Byproviding the improved features described, it can be seen that thepresent inventionis not only a. considerable improyement over handsurfacing operations but also. an improvement. over prior mechanicaldevices by the provision of means for presetting an article to. besurfaced before installing it in abrading position thus considerablyspeeding up the surfacing operations of such articles as optical lensesand also. by the provision of simple and easily operated adjusting meansfor positioning an abradingtool with respect to the article to beabraded, and means for magnetically holding an article. to. be. surfacedin abrading position in the machine.

Although a. variable field type magnetic chuck 5 has; been disclosedherein as a preferred type of chuck any other known type of magnetic ormechanical chuck may be employed as, for example, in the latter instancea chuck embodying a V-block in combination with suitable clampingmechanism may be employed.

While certain novel features of the invention have been shown anddescribed and are pointed out. in the annexed claims, it will beunderstood that various. omissions, substitutions and changes in theforms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may bemade by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit ofthe invention.

We claim:

1. A surfacing machine comprising a base having a work supporting headfixedly secured adjacent one end thereof and having a slid'ewayextending in a direction longitudinally thereof, a slide member on saidslideway movable toward and away from said work supporting head, arotatable portion pivotally secured to said slide member for movementabout an axis disposed normally to the direction in which said slidemember is movable and having a second slideway thereon, a second slidemember mounted on said second slideway movable toward and away from saidaxis. and having a tool supporting head pivotaliy attached thereto formovement about a second axis disposed substantially parallel tov saidfirst a cupped type abrading tool having its effectiye. abrading surfacein the form of an arc with its center coaxial with said second axiswhereby the tool may be moved about said second axis as a center todifferent angular positions, means carried by said tool supporting headfor rotating said tool and adjustment means carried by said worksupporting head for moving an article to be abraded into alignment withthe effective abrading portion of the tool and for controlling the depthof the abrading action of the. tool on. the article, whereby the toolmay be swung about the first axis as a center to cause the effectiveabrading portion of the tool during the rotation thereof to movetransversely of the article and cause the shape of the resultingabradedsurface on said article, to have a curvature in. One meridianthereof controlled by the adjusted angle of the tool about the secondaxis and in the major meridian thereof controlled by the arc of swing ofthe tOOl about said first axis.

2. A surfacing machine comprising a base hay ing a supporting meansthereon for support,- ing Work in a, predetermined position and having aslideway to ne side of said work supporting means, a slide membermounted on said slideway' for movement toward and away from said workpivot means on said slidemember, a rotatable supporting member having asecond slideway thereon and being piv otally connected tosaid pivotmeans, a scale and indicator means carried by said first slide saidfirst pivot in an are controlled by ad jzustment of the tool; relative.to the axis, of said first. pivot, said work supporting means includinga work holder and. an adjustable contact member for engaging the workholder and moving said work holder toward the tool to. control theamountof. material to be removed from the work.

by the tool scale and indicator means associated therewith for,determining the position of adjust,- ment of the work holder and theamount of removal. the relation of the tool to the work will; permit.

3'. In a device Of: the, character described means for retainin a workholder on a work supporting head and for supportin an article to becarried by said work holder to be abraded; by an abrading tool supportedin adjacent operative relation with said work supporting head, said worksupporting head having an adjustable contact memher and having means forcontrolling and indieating the extent of adjustment of. said contactmember, said work holder having means for sup-- porting an article to beabraded adjacent one end thereof and having an adjustable portion.adjacent its opposed end adapted to engage the adjustable contact memberof said head whenv located in operative position in said head, thedistance between said contact member and the effective abrading portionof the tool being a determinable distance when the contact member isset; at zero position and the distance between the outer end of theadjustable portion of the work holder and the exposed surface of thearticleto be abraded in the use of the device being, controlled so as tobe substantially equal to said determinable distance.

4. In a, device of the character described, the, combination of arotatable cupped abrading tool, means for angling said, tool relative tothe work to be abraded, means for feeding said angled toolin an arcuatepath about a given axis and transversely of the work along a meridiansubstantially normal to the angling of the tool, means for moving saidaxis toward and away from the work to vary the curvature formed on thesurface of the work by the abrading tool, means for ad justablysupportin the. work comprising a chuck having a v-groove therein, a workcarrying spindle member positioned insaid V-groove to carry said work ina horizontal plane. with respect to the abrading. tool, and micrometriol 7 means for advancing said work toward said tool in accordance withthe amount of material to be removed from the surface thereof.

5.- In a surfacing machine of the character described, the combinationof a rotatable abrading'tool, supporting means for carrying an articlefor engagement with the tool comprising a chuck having a V-groove formedtherein, independent article-carrying means positioned in said V- groovecomprising a holding member adapted to carry said article in ahorizontal plane with respect to said abrading tool, and havingadjustable contact means, and feed means for engaging said contact meansand advancing said article toward said tool in accordance with theamount of material to be removed from the surface thereof.

6. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a work supporting head, atool supporting head carrying an abrading tool for location adjacentsaid-work supporting head, a chuck fixedly supported on said worksupporting head, a longitudinally adjustable spindle positioned in saidchuck, said spindle having one end portion adapted to carry said articleand its opposed end portion adjustable toward and away from said firstportion to vary the length of the spindle, and microfrom the axis ofsaid table, together with a second supporting portion mounted on saidfirst supthereon, and adjustable means for supporting the tool with itssurface in abrading relation with the surface of the work to be abraded,said ad-- justable supporting means including a table rotatable about anaxis disposed'substantially parallel to the general plane ofsaid surfaceof the work to be-abraded, said table being adjustmetric means carriedby said work supporting head and having an adjustable contact portionfor contacting the opposed end portion of the spindle and advancing saidspindle and article carried by the first end portion thereof toward saidabrading tool whereby the surface of said article may be positionedrelative to the tool so as to be abraded to depths as governed by saidmicrometric means.

7. A surfacing machine comprising the combination of a tool supportinghead and a work supporting head, said work supporting head having aV-groove therein, a spindle member seatable in said groove foradjustably carrying an article to be surfaced at one end thereof, and

feed means adapted to move said spindle and article carried therebylongitudinally in said V-groove in accordance with the amount ofmaterial to be removed from the surface of said article, said toolsupporting head supporting an abrading tool adjacent the article to besurfaced and being rotatable about a given pivot, adjustment means formoving said pivot toward and away from the work and for correspondinglychanging the amount of separation of the tool from said pivot, said toolsupporting head having means associated therewith for angularlyadjusting the abrading tool relative to the article about a second pivotlying on an axial line extending through the abrading surface of thetool, and means for yieldably feeding said angled tool transversely ofthe article and along an arc defined by said first pivot as a center.

8. A surface abrading machine of the character described comprisingholding means for supporting work having a surface to be abraded, arotatable tool having an abrading surface thereon, and adjustable meansfor supporting the tool with its surface in abrading relation with thesurface of the work to be abraded, said adjustable supporting meansincluding a table rotatable about an axis disposed substantiallyparallel to the general plane of said surface of the work to be abraded,said table being adjustable in a direction toward and away from saidgeneral. plane of the surface of the work to be abraded to vary therelated position of said axis of the table to the work, a supportingportion mounted on said table and adjustable toward and away able in adirection toward and away from said general plane of the surface of thework to be abraded to vary the related position, of saidaxis of thetable to the work, a supporting portion mounted on said table andadjustable toward and away from the axis of said table, together with asecond supporting portion mounted on said first supporting portion withsaid second supporting portion carrying the tool and being adjustableabout an axis disposed substantially parallel to the axis of the tableand substantially intersecting the abrading surface of the tool, andmeans for rotating said table to cause the tool to traverse the surfaceof the-work.

10. A surface abrading machine of the character described comprising asupporting member having a seat therein, movable means mountedon theseat for supporting work having-a surface to be abraded, a rotatabletool having an abrad ing surface thereon, and adjustable means forsupporting the tool with its surface in abrading relation with thesurface of the work tobe abraded, said adjustable supporting meansincluding a table rotatable about an axis disposed substantiallyparallel to the general plane of said surface of the work to be abraded,said table being adjustable in a direction toward and away from saidgeneral plane of the surface of the work to be abraded, so as to varythe related position of said axis of the table to the work, a supportingportion mounted on said table and adjustable toward and away from theaxis of said table, together with a second supporting portion mounted onsaid first supporting portion with said second supporting portioncarrying the tool and being adjustable about an axis disposed moved fromthe work by said transverse motion of the tool.

11. A surface abrading machine of the character described comprisingholding means for supporting work having a surface to be abraded, arotatable tool having an abrading surface thereon, and adjustable meansfor supporting the tool with its surface in abrading relation, with thesurface of the work to'be abraded, said ad'- justable supporting meansincluding a supporting member movable toward and away from the work tobe abraded, pivot means on said supporting member, a rotatable memberpivotally connected with saidpivot means, the axis of said pivot meansbeing disposed substantially parallel to the general plane-of saidsurface of the work to be abraded, asupporting portion mounted onsaid-rotatable member andadjustable toward and away from the pivot meansto which said rotatable member is pivotally connected, together with asecond supporting portion mounted on said first supporting portion, saidsecond supporting portion carrying the tool and means for rotating thetool with its axis of rotation substantially normal to the axisof' thepivot means, and said second supporting portion being adjustable aboutan axis disposed substantially parallel to the axis of the rotatablemember and substantially intersecting the abrading surface of the tool.

12; In a device of the character described, the combination of anabrading tool and supporting means for maintaining work in controlledabrading relation therewith, said supporting means including a mainsupport having a seat therein, a work holder mounted in said seat andmovable along said seat toward and away from the tool, means adjacentthe side of the work holder toward the tool for supporting the work tobe abraded, and an adjustable contact portion adjacent the opposed sideof the work holder movable toward and' away from the work holding meansfor varying the distance between the work to be abraded and thecontactportion of the work holder, locking means for retaining said contactportion in adjusted relation, and adjustable means having anengagementportion for engaging said contactv portion and moving the work holderalong said seattoward the abrading tool to control the amount ofmaterial removable from the work by the tool, and means for locking thework holder in a given position along said seat;

13. In a device of the character described, the combination of anabrading tool and supporting means for maintaining work in controlledabrading relation therewith, said supporting means-including magneticchuck'means having a- V-shaped longitudinal seat therein, a work holdermountable in said seat and movable toward and away from the tool, meanscarried by the work holder adjacent one end thereof for supporting thework to be abraded, a contact portion adjacent the opposed end andadjustment means for varying thedistancev of separationof the contactportion from the work supporting means,,and feed means for engaging saidcontact portion and moving the work holder bodily along said seatcontrollable amounts toward the abrading tool according to the amount ofmaterial desiredtto be removed from the work by the abrading action ofthe tool thereon said work holderbeing of a material magneticallyattractable by the magnetic chuck means and means for energizing anddeenergizing the magnetic chuck means so as to lock and unlock the workholder in a given position in said seat.

14. In a device of the character described, the combination of arotatable abrading tool, supporting means for work having a surface tobe abraded and-adjustablemeans for supporting the tool with its abradingsurface in controlled abrading relation with the work,.saidsupportingmeans including amainrsupporthaving. a seat therein, a work holder.mountedin said seat and movable toward and away. from the tool, meansadjacent the. side of thework holder toward the tool for supporting theworkto be abraded, acontactportion adjacent its opposed end and meansfor varying the distance between the work to be abraded and the contactportion of the work holder, said adjustable supporting means for therotatable tool including a table rotatable about an axis disposedsubstantially parallel'to the general plane of said surface of the workto be abraded, said table being adjustable in a direction toward andaway from said general plane of the surface of the work to be abraded soas to vary the related position of said axis of the table to the work, asupporting portion mounted on said table and adjustable toward and awayfromthe axis of said table, together with a second supporting portionmounted on said first supporting portion, with said second supportingportion carrying the tool and being adjustable about an axis disposedsubstantially parallel to the axis of the table and substantiallyintersecting the abrading surface of the tool, means for rotating saidtable, and means for moving the work holder along said seat of the mainsupport toward the abrading tool to control the amount of materialremovable from the work by the tool during the abrading action thereofon the surface of the work.

15. In a surface abrading device of the character described, thecombination of an abrading tool, a spindle having holding means adjacentone end for supporting work having a surface to be abraded, and havingcontact means adjacent its opposed end, said contact means beingadjustable relative to the spindle for varying the distance between saidcontact means and the work holding means, feed means having anengagement portion for engaging said contact means of the spindle so asto permit operation of the feed means to move the spindle and workcarried thereby into effective abrading relation with the abrading tool,and gauge means for indicating a standard of distance between theinitial .position of the engagement portion of the feed means and theabrading tool whereby the distance between the contact means and workholding means of the spindle may be adjusted to compensate for dilierentthicknesses of work so as to permit predictable amounts of material tobe removed from the work under controlof the feed means.

16. In a surface abrading device of the character described, thecombination of an abrading tool, a support having a seat therein, and aremovable spindle positionable in said seat, said spindle having holdingmeans adjacent one end for supporting Work having a surface to beabraded, and having, movable contact means adjacent its opposed end,spring means for urging said contact means in a direction away from thework holding means, and locking means for maintaining said movablecontact means in adjusted relation, feed means having an engagementportion'for engaging-said contact means of the spindle so as to permitoperation of the feed means to move the spindle and work carried therebyinto effective abrading relation with the abrading tool, and gauge meansfor indicating a standard of distance between the initial position ofthe engagement portion of the feed means and the abrading tool wherebythe distance between the contact means and work holding means of thespindle may be adjusted to compensate for different thicknesses of workso as to permit predictable amounts of material to be removed from thework under control of the feed means.

17. In a surface abrading device of the character described, thecombination of an abrading tool, a spindle having holding means adjacentone end for supporting work having a surface to be abraded, and havingcontact means adjacent its opposed end, said contact means beingadjustable relative to the spindle for varying the distance between saidcontact means and the work holding means, feed means having anengagement portion for engaging said contact means of the spindle so asto permit operation of the feed means to move the spindle and workcarried thereby into effective abrading relation with the abrading tool,and gauge means for indicating a standard of distance between theinitial position of the engagement portion of the feed means and theabrading tool whereby the distance between the contact means and workholding means of the spindle may be adjusted to compensate for differentthicknesses of work so as to permit predictable amounts of material tobe removed from the work under control of the feed means, said gaugemeans comprising a seat for the spindle, a stop member adjacent one end,and an adjustable member adjacent the opposed end movable toward and 22away from said stop member to adjustthe distance of separation of saidadjustable member from the stop member according to said standard.

DANIEL P. BERNHEIM.

WILLIAM A. GUNNING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 646,397 Bancroft et a1 Mar. 27,1900 1,140,421 Wall et a1. May 25, 1915 1,261,765 Challet Apr. 9, 19181,330,558 Simmons Feb. 10, 1920 1,873,067 Stromgren Aug. 23, 1932 1,91,181 McCabe Mar. 14, 1933 1,985,213 Page Dec. 18, 1934 2,104,345 Holhutet al Jan. 4, 1938 2,248,263 Wilhide July 8, 1941

